Why Do You Feel This Is So - 1960 Words

Antonia Sawyer P459 Scholars Dialog Dr. Christina Downey Fall 2014 Moderator: Dr. William James, it is no secret that your theory of pragmatism has been questioned, but found more successful than Dr. E.B. Titchner’s. Why do you feel this is so? James: Well Mrs. Sawyer, when considering Dr. Titchner’s work, I would have to say it is the lack of individuality that has created structuralism’s downfall. You see, Dr. Titchner focuses on reducing the experiences of the mind to several thousand sensory images. These images are then applied to every individual within the universe. This application de-individualizes the mindful process of experience, and fails to acknowledge that no two experiences are alike; nor are they the same for†¦show more content†¦In the event I find structuralism to be scientifically accurate, it would be impossible to not accept the findings personally. This is on the bases that one cannot choose to ignore or not believe in scientifically proven facts. It seems as though if an individual is doing this, they are placing their own meaning or interpretation onto the findings. This is something that needs to be avoided, and can lead to viewing the findings with a more applied psycho logy approach rather than a scientific one. Watson: I would have to agree with Dr. Titchner, I to feel all subjectivity as well as interpretations must be removed from the scientific aspect of experimentation and its findings. Although I do not seek to describe and explain consciousness, I do desire to predict and control it. It is this desire to predict consciousness that seems to be the closest commonality I can find with Dr. Titchner. Titchner: Dr. Watson, I think we may be able to have more in common as soon as it is realized that in order to understand behavior, we must first use introspection to discover the workings of the mind. Watson: Are you insinuating that all must first use your introspective techniques, Dr. Titchner? I mean, you have made it more than clear that your theory is only practicable by you; hence its unsuccessfulness. Moderator: I am sorry if you feel targeted Dr. E.B. Titchner, but with your previous statement regarding pragmatism, I

The Decision Making Under Uncertainty - 890 Words

CIS557 Decision Making Under Uncertainty Mid Term Paper Ethical Decision making in Organizations Name: - Kush Jani 05/08/2015 What is Decision making in Organizations? First of all in every Organizations Decision Making is much needed factor to grow in recent market. It depend on a company or organizations that how they use different strategies to making decision and organization growth. There are always some factors which influence decisions in any company, For Example:- 1) The Influence of Time and Place 2) The Influence of Ideas 3) The Influence of Mass Culture 4) The â€Å"Science† of Manipulation For any organizations critical thinking is always a good option to improve in decision making skills. Critical Thinking: - Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It considers the ability to engage in thoughtful and independent thinking. Critical thinking is not a matter of accumulating information. A critical thinker is able to assume consequences from what they know, and they know how to make use of information to solve problems. Critical thinking can help company to get knowledge, improve their theories. Organizations can use critical thinking to enhance work processes and improve social institutions. If company would like to improve their decision making, here are few strategies that might help them:- 1) More thinking is not always better thinking 2) Accept that they can t have it all 3)Show MoreRelatedEffective Appraisal Approaches And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1441 Words   |  6 Pagespart of decision-making acts a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availability to finance the investment and the potential cost of assets. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Risk can be defined as the probability of outcomes or loss that is caused by internal or external vulnerabilities where the probabilities of the possible negative occurrence are known. Uncertainty is the situationRead MoreEffective Appraisal Approaches And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1419 Words   |  6 Pagesof equipment or inventory by owner in order to improve future business. (Kahraman, 2011) Moreover, the part of decision-making preforms a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availa bility to finance the investment and the potential cost of asset. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Risk can be defined as the probability or threat of outcomes or loss that is caused by internal orRead MoreThe Importance Of The Relevance Of The Data773 Words   |  4 Pageswhich the decisions and actions of contextaware systems are based. Moreover, many decision support techniques are insufficient to address the runtime uncertainty in the context information as they do not assess the QoC in an end-to-end fashion. We formulate the related work into two parts: 1) QoC attributes and modeling aspects 2) Runtime decision support addressing uncertainty A. QoC attributes and modeling aspects QoC attributes and their modeling comes into play to capture the uncertainties in contextRead MoreMethods Of Using Numerical Uncertainty Information Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesthinking. Limitations in the ability to utilize numerical uncertainty information could also be more general than numeracy, such as the failure to think deliberately about the information. According to the two systems approach, there are two modes of thought. System 1 is rapid, automatic, associative, emotional, and roughly synonymous with intuition, and System 2 is slow, deliberate, rule-based, and effortful (Kahneman, 2003). When faced with a decision, a person may substitute an inaccurate verbal â€Å"gist†Read MoreClassical Financial Theory : Cognitive Psychology And Economics952 Words   |  4 PagesIn many aspects of life, knowing what influences people’s decision making can help solve some of the world’s most complex problems. Research in the financial sector has been dumbfounded by this very question since the advent of the stoc k market. Classical financial theory assumes investors behave with rational expectations in order to maintain an efficient market. Yet as we know, the idiosyncrasies in human behavior vary and financial markets tend to fluctuate up and down as a result. Recently, economicsRead MoreEssay about Disaster Management1428 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Introduction All disaster managers must make decisions. Their decision involves a comparison between several alternatives and an evaluation of the outcome. The quality of the decisions managers make is the true measure of their performance. Each operational decision influences future actions, which in turn, require further decisions. Errors in decision-making, therefore, tend to be cumulative. Decision-making is the major responsibility of a disaster manager, regardlessRead MoreEnvironmental Uncertainty and Organizational Structure: a Product Management Perspective -Summary953 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental uncertainty and organizational structure: a product management perspective Article bySteven Lysonski, Michael Levas, Noel Lavenka This Lysonski et al.’s article focuses on how an organizational structure may affect the product manager -level marketing. The article is about how a firm’s structural elements can affect the marketing effort at the product manager level. It asks if the firms take into account the uncertainty of the environment while planning their product-marketing organizationRead MoreDecision Science Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness BUSN 635 – Decision Science Spring 2010 Final Examination Janaina Silva WHAT HAVE I LEARNED ABOUT DECISION SCIENCE? The Definition: Many times when faced with a hard decision to make or one that involves many different factors or consequences the executive tends to look for â€Å"an educated guess† or â€Å"take a calculated risk† but no real calculation is done nor any education is obtained to deal with uncertainty concerning the decision. The main goal of my Decision Science course isRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Decision Making868 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Effective Decision-Making Inadequate information, data, and knowledge. For rational decision-making to be accurate, reliable, and complete, information about various aspects of the problem under investigation is necessary. Possible future trends can be estimated with the help of such information. This facilitates rational decision-making. However, adequate and reliable information may not be available at the time of decision-making. As a result, the decisions may become defective orRead MoreEssay about bounded rationality1006 Words   |  5 Pagesclear section headings, and clear paragraphing. NB: our example does not reach 1500 words; further paragraphs need to be written in sections 2 and 3. The Decision A mining claim of 60 miles had to be staked, and the project manager Tom Parker decided to budget 7 days and 3 assistants to do it. He based this decision on his own physical experience and skill. He was an outdoors man, skilled in all non-technical aspects of mining claims. He himself proved able to do 8 claims per day

The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome Free Essays

From ancient times, Rome’s legacies are still the greatest known to man today. Throughout the western world the influence of Roman power is still manifest. The impact of Rome has furthered our society into an effective and successful modern world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without the advanced structure of buildings and a thorough law process, who knows how different our lives and world would be. The great arches, the high statues and buildings, all come from Roman background. The law process we use to this day is based on the Ancient Roman law format. Although some of the legacies carried on from the Romans weren’t all great i. e. lavery, the good outweighed the bad. Architecture was crucial to the success of Rome, from temples to bridges to aqueducts, every building got more advanced (Suny Oneonta, 2012). As the Roman power grew over an immense area, the Romans built aqueducts to carry adequate amounts of water to all its cities. This has now been implemented underground all over the world and is called plumbing. Many cities around the world still contain amphitheatres. In Ancient Rome amphitheatres acted as arena’s in which spectacles were staged for entertainment. The grandest amphitheatre, most famously called the Colosseum is still standing today. Triumphant arches like the Arch of Titus or the Arch of Trajan, were to signify great military triumphs and now the structure of the arch is used worldwide. The tradition of Roman architecture has had a very important effect on America. For example, the U. S Supreme Court building in Washington is directly based on the Roman temple type. This particular building related to the Romans all the way down to the white marble, which signifies Roman authority. In Rome there was a building called the ‘Basilica’, this building was the town hall but was commonly used as a courthouse. Like courthouses today there was an apse where the magistrate sits to control the courthouse and dispense the law (Wikipedia, 2012). Not only have we kept alive the building structure of the Ancient Roman courthouse (Wikipedia, 2012), we have kept the law process too. Although the Roman law is no longer applied in legal practice, the basis of our laws today derive from the Roman traditions (UNRV, 2012). Modifications have been made to suit society as it grows, a coherent system was put in place and laws are written in the national language. Today’s legal system has a Roman eritage and knowledge of Roman law is indispensable to understand the legal systems of today. In Ancient Rome slavery played a big part, whether the Romans owned a slave or whether they were one themselves. Slaves were people captured in battles, which were then sold and forced to work for whoever owned them. Abandoned children were also bought up as slaves. Slaves weren’t all the same prices dependin g on the age or skill, some were more expensive than others, but all could be bought at the same market place. In Rome a slave is a slave for life. However a slave could acquire freedom from their owner or if they bought it themselves. A rich man could have as many as 500 slaves and an emperor usually had more than 20,000. Even after Rome passed its days of greatness, it was thought that at least 25% of the population of all people in Rome were slaves (History Learning Site, 2012). This is one of those legacies society could have gone without, although slavery was abolished around 100 years ago, equality is a very big part of today’s contemporary world and this was a very big part of the world 100 years ago (Wikipedia, 2012). All in all, if you weigh the good and the bad legacies left behind from Rome, there has been a much greater positive impact on today’s contemporary world than a negative one. Although slavery is something the world should be ashamed of, the buildings, the structure, the law process and the language are only some of the great legacies that have shaped our modern world. It doesn’t make up for the long history of equality, but without the majority of the legacies from Rome our world wouldn’t be as successful and effective as it is today. Without Rome and its legacies, the contemporary world wouldn’t be the same. We would know no different, but imagining the world without these significant details is so challenging because we all live our lives with some basis of Rome. Whether it is the plumbing in a house. Whether it is the arches on a front porch. Whether it is the federal courthouse or the legal system and law process. Rome and its power never really faded because it still affects humanity today, the legacies Rome left behind affect all of us in some way. Bibliography History Learning Site, 2012, Roman Slaves, 2nd September 2012, http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/roman_slaves. htm Kpn, 2008, Roman Law, 1st September 2012, http://home. kpn. nl/otto. vervaart/roman_law. htm Rathborne, M. Panczyk, P. Neale, T. Discovering World History Stage 4, 2008, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne. Suny Oneonta, 2012, Roman Power/Roman Architecture, 30th August 2012, http://employees. oneonta. edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/roman_architecture. html ThinkQuest, 2011, Government – The Monarchy and Early Rome, 1st September 2012, http://library. hinkquest. org/26602/republic. htm UNRV History, 2012, Ancient Roman Laws, 5th September 2012, http://www. unrv. com/government/laws. php Webmaster, 2012, Legal Roles – Then and Now, 1st September 2012, http://www. dl. ket. org/latin3/mores/legallatin/legal02. htm Webmaster, 2012, The Roman Legal System, 2nd September 2012, http://www. dl. ket. org/latin3/mores/legallatin/legal01. htm Wikipedia, 20 12, Architecture of Rome, 30th August 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Architecture_of_Rome Wikipedia, 2012, Roman Law, 3rd September 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Roman_law How to cite The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome, Essay examples

Function And Old Neoclassical Equilibrium †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Function And Old Neoclassical Equilibrium? Answer: Introduction This study analyses the assumptions of neo classical production function critically. Neo-classical production function is the function of two inputs such as labour and capital. A Neo classical production function has several assumptions to simply the analysis. Cobb-Douglas production function is mostly used neo classical production function in economic analysis. Several authors have criticized some of the assumptions. Assumptions of neo classical production function The assumptions of neo classical production function are as follows: i) The production function is differentiable with positive marginal productivity of the factors o production. ii) The factors exhibit the law of diminishing returns. iii) The factors of production are substitutable among themselves in a perfectly competitive market. Factors are perfectly mobile. iv) Absence of externality in production Philosophical critics According to the claim of the heterodox economics, the nature of neo classical production function, the substitution effect has not much effect in real economy (Fuss and McFadden 2014). However, in the view of Chen (2012), Cobb-Douglas production function has many real life applications. Moreover, the production only considers the effect of change in capital and labour. It cannot explain the residual element of the production function such as technology in Solow growth model. Schefold (2014) stated that neo classical production function estimates elasticity of output with respect to labour and capital according to the. However, this method of measuring output elasticity is not the correct one. Practically this estimation shows the share of profit in production and share of wage in income. Another assumption of the neo-classical theorists is that both the product and factor market are perfectly competitive, which is unrealistic. There exist other types of market structure such as monopolistic competition, monopoly and oligopoly. Therefore, production function varies across different sectors of the economy (Davis 2013). The neo classical production function assumes perfect mobility among the factors, which is not always possible in reality. Some of the industries are capital intensive, whereas some of are labour intensive. Hence, the mobility of factors is constrained by their productivity and requirement in the industry (Felipe and McCombie 2014). As depicted by Dosi et al. (2014), mathematical model of Cobb-Douglas model has similarity with the equation of national accounting identity derivative. However, Schefold (2014) mentioned that Cobb-Douglas production function correctly establish relationship with the national accounts, if the wage share is constant and technological progress is considered in production function. Fuss and McFadden (2014) cited that technological progress in the neo classical production function has been assumed linear. Dosi et al. (2014) contradicted this view to state that technological progress fluctuates overtime. Every production process has some externalities irrespective of primary, secondary or tertiary sectors of the economy. The externality may be positive or negative. Therefore, the assumption of no externality is unrealistic. Conclusion The analysis of production function is an important concept in mainstream Neo classical economics. Main inputs in this production function are labour and capital. Technology is used in this model as a residual factor in the production. This factor facilitates the production process. Despite having numerous uses, many economists have criticised this production function due to some of its unrealistic assumptions. The report has critically analysed the limitations of these assumptions References Chen, B.Y., 2012. Classification of $ h $-homogeneous production functions with constant elasticity of substitution.Tamkang Journal of Mathematics,43(2), pp.321-328. Davis, J.B., 2013.The theory of the individual in economics: Identity and value. Routledge. Dosi, G., Grazzi, M., Marengo, L. and Settepanella, S., 2014. Production theory: accounting for firm heterogeneity and technical change. Felipe, J. and McCombie, J.S.L., 2014. The aggregate production function:Not even wrong.Review of Political Economy,26(1), pp.60-84. Fuss, M. and McFadden, D. eds., 2014.Production Economics: A Dual Approach to Theory and Applications: Applications of the Theory of Production(Vol. 2). Elsevier. Klump, R., McAdam, P. and Willman, A., 2012. The normalized CES production function: theory and empirics.Journal of Economic Surveys,26(5), pp.769-799. Pahlavan, R., Omid, M. and Akram, A., 2012. Energy inputoutput analysis and application of artificial neural networks for predicting greenhouse basil production.Energy,37(1), pp.171-176. Raurich, X., Sala, H. and Sorolla, V., 2012. Factor shares, the price markup, and the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor.Journal of Macroeconomics,34(1), pp.181-198. Schefold, B., 2014. Marx, the Production Function and the Old Neoclassical Equilibrium: Workable under the Same Assumptions?. InContribution to the Conference What have we learnt on Classical Economy since Sraffa(pp. 16-17). Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2012. Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), pp.2765-2784.